Erin got her first tooth at about 10.5 months. Matthew not until after his first birthday! I don't know that any sorts of foods will encourage teeth. I fed Matthew and Erin pretty "standard" foods for their age, they managed to gum it just fine. My niece only had the two front bottom teeth until she was about 18 months - and she used to love to chew on pieces of steak!
It does not seem to affect them much - they cope. Toddlers really do not seem to chew with their teeth a lot anyway - the incisors are all they normally have until age about 2 (or closer to 3 for my two), and their role can be replaced by cutting food well, because that is all that they do anyway